The sizes of hydropower plants are described below. Battery room boiler boiler feed water pump chimney control room cooling tower deaerator. In the late 19th century, hydropower became a source for generating electricity. These favorable characteristics continue to make hydroelectric projects attractive sources of electric power. Some of the components of hydroelectric power plants and. Hydro power plant construction working and history of.
Photovoltaic power plant solar thermal power plant wind power plant power plant components. The catchment area behind the dam creates a huge water reservoir. However, for extremely small power generation amounts, a flowing stream with as. Water flowing in the river is comprised of kinetic energy and potential energy. Direct current station built to power arc and incandescent lighting. Hydropower plants range in size from small systems for a home or village to large projects producing electricity for utilities. Hydro electric power is cheaper as compared with a fuel burning plant. Illustration showing the components of a hydropower plant. The function of each component of a hydropower plant hpp scheme is explained, along with how components function and respond to specific demands of.
Most hydroelectric power plants have a dam and a reservoir. Hydroelectric power plants are categorized according to size. Hydroelectric plants do not create air pollution, the fuelfalling wateris not consumed, projects. These changes may harm native plants and animals in the river and on land.
By 1886 there were 45 hydroelectric power stations in the u. These are dam, pressure tunnel, surge tank, valve house, penstock, and powerhouse. Power generation by the hydro plant is only dependent. Hydro station has special requirement of site which usually is an isolated area with difficult access. Actually, hydroelectric and coalfired power plants produce electricity in a similar way. Small and mini hydropower solutions the compact hydro division is the world leader in products and services for small and mediumsized hydroelectric power plants and offers also competitive solutions for mini hydro power plants. Components of a hydropower plant and their functions. Construction of niagara falls hydroelectric power site. Hydroelectric power plants do not use up resources to create electricity nor do they pollute the air, land or water, as other power plants may. The most common type of hydroelectric power plant is an impoundment facility. The worlds hydro power potential is about 2724 mkw total hydro power potential of india is 84 mkw and 22% of this potential is being tapped by various existing and. It is the first hydropower facility developed for major generation. Where there is a plentiful head of water it can be made to generate compressed air directly without moving parts. These criteria not only influence which type of turbine to use, but are critical to the design of the entire turbine system.
The dam is built on a large river that has abundant quantity of water throughout the year. Working principle of hydroelectric power plant your. It should be built at a location where the height of the river is sufficient to get the maximum possible potential energy from water. Low head refers to a change in elevation of less than 10 feet 3 meters. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. An introduction to hydropower concepts and planning. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Hydroelectric power plant there are six types of components used in the schematic arrangement of the hydroelectric power plant. Hydroelectricity is the most widely used form of renewable energy. The procedure is to store energy by pumping water from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation reservoir. The first edison hydroelectric power station, the vulcan street plant, began operating september 30, 1882, in appleton, wisconsin, with an output of about 12. Hydroelectric power plant definition, working diagram. Components of hydroelectric plant 1 dam the dam is the most important component of hydroelectric power plant.
Hydroelectric power works to harvest the inherent energy of moving water by directing the water through turbine converting the energy of the moving water into mechanical energy. The efficiency of todays hydroelectric plant is about 90 percent. Hydroelectric power plant a complex of installations and equipment that is used to convert the energy of a stream of water into electrical energy. This document describes the operation of mechanical governors and provides detailed procedures for adjusting and maintaining the most common mechanical governors found in reclamation powerplants. Design and construction of mini hydropower plant with. Hydroelectric power characteristics of electric power plants initial cost of a hydroelectric plant is normally higher than that of a thermal plant producing almost the same amount of power. The dam is an artificial concrete barrier constructed across the way of the river. The operational reliability of the generating units of the hydro power stations shall be. Hi friends, in this article, i am discussing the working principle of hydroelectric power plant, and i hope you will appreciate it a power plant that utilizes the potential energy of water for the generation of electrical energy is known as a hydroelectric power plant. A micro sized plant is one that generates less than 100 kw of electricity and would typically be used to power 12 houses. In the generation of hydroelectric power, water is collected or stored at a higher elevation and led downward through large pipes or tunnels penstocks to a lower elevation. Subject terms mechanical governors, hydroelectric generators 15.
The major components of a hydroelectric plant are as follows. The article includes definition, working principle, diagram, advantages, disadvantages, application, pdf of hydro power plant. Hydroelectric power plant article about hydroelectric. These hydropower plants can provide effective cost of energy to remote rural communities. Hydroelectric plants do not create air pollution, the fuelfalling wateris not consumed, projects have long lives relative to other forms of energy generation, and hydroelectric generators respond quickly to changing system conditions. These structures may obstruct fish migration and affect their populations. Hydroelectric power is a form of energy a renewable resource.
Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Water, when it is falling by the force of gravity, can be used to turn turbines and generators that produce electricity. A hydro system is a series of interconnected components. However the hydro electric power plant have the following disadvantages. Layout and working of hydroelectric power plant the above image shows the typical layout of a hydroelectric power plant and its basic components. The mechanical energy is then converted into electricity in the generator. In 1881, street lamps in the city of niagara falls were powered by hydropower.
In 2009, the three most heavily used sources for generating electricity were coal, natural gas and oil. Hydro power plant in india first hydro power plant was constructed at mysore in 1902 named as sivaramudram having capacity 4. In both cases a power source is used to turn a propellerlike piece called a turbine, which then turns a metal shaft in an electric generator, which is the motor that produces electricity. In hydroelectric power plants the potential energy of water is utilized to produce electricity. The operation of modern power plant hydraulics and lubrication systems with zincfree fluids runs the risk of electrostatic charging of the oils.
In hydro electric plant, the cost of generation being free. A study of hydroelectric power penn state college of. In 2012, hydroelectric power plants contributed about 16% of the total electricity generation in the world. At the end of its passage down the pipes, the falling water causes turbines to rotate.
Cragside in northumberland was the first house powered by hydroelectricity in 1878 and the first commercial hydroelectric power plant was built at niagara falls in 1879. Hydroelectric power worldwide, hydropower plants produce about 24 percent of the worlds electricity and supply more than 1 billion people with power. Pumped storage is a variation on hydroelectric power generation, which can be used to store energy, especially electricity. Small hydropower plants are similar to large plants but some use offtheshelf turbines and other components rather than bespoke components. Example of a small hydropower plant of recent construction. Various components of hydroelectric power plants and their functions are. Hydro power plants hydro power plants the principle the water conduits of a traditional high head power plant arrangement of a small hydropower plant water intake dam. Technically, large hydropower plants are the most sophisticated and are generally individually designed for each site using turbines that have also be made specifically for the power plant. A schematic diagram of a hydroelectric power plant is shown in figure 1. In this paper the use and possibility of micro water current. Hydroelectric power is the most popular green energy source for several reasons. Ppt hydro power plants powerpoint presentation free to. Hydroelectric power comes from flowing water winter and spring runoff from mountain streams and clear lakes.
They are dam and reservoir, control gate, penstock, water turbine, surge tank and generator. The assignment of different types of engineers to the design, construction, and operation of a new power plant is dependent on the type of system being built such as whether it is a fossil fuel thermal power plant, nuclear power plant, hydroelectric plant, or solar plant. An introduction to pumped storage hydroelectric power plant projects. The dam stores lots of water behind it in the reservoir. Introduction in hydroelectric power station kinetic energy of stored water is converted into electric energy. There are only six primary components required to construct a hydroelectric power plant. Operators of hydroelectric stations will compare the total electrical energy. Pln, as the employer utilizes multi package type of contract on hydro electric power plant project, due to. Net head is the pressure available to the turbine when water is flowing more on this later, and design flow is the maximum amount of flow the hydro system is designed to accommodate. Hydroelectric power is, as of 2005, the second largest source of electricity in the world 18% after coal, which supplies about 38%, but ahead of nuclear power, natural gas, and oil, which contribute 17, 16, and 10%, respectively, of the total generated electricity.
Operating a hydroelectric power plant may also change the water temperature and the rivers flow. Chapter 5 main types of high head power plant developments power plants operating under a head higher than 50 m may be termed as highhead power. Hydroelectric power has played an important part in the development of this nations. The erosion of hydro turbine components is a major problem for the efficient operation of hydropower plants. Ppt hydroelectric power powerpoint presentation free. Hydroelectric power plant nuclear power plant oil fuelfired power plant. Hydroelectric power plant layout and working electrical2z.
There are many types of hydropower plant such as damreservoir base power plant, ocean tidal power plant, wave power plant and others. A coalfired power plant uses steam to turn the turbine blades. The dam is constructed on a large river in hilly areas to ensure sufficient water storage at height. If reaction turbines are used, then draft tube is a necessary component which. Hydroelectric power plant working animation youtube. Vibration of hydro units in hydroelectric power plants. A hydroelectric power plant consists of a sequential chain of hydraulicengineering facilities that provide the necessary concentration of water flow and create a head, as well as powergenerating equipment. A forebay is a basin area of hydropower plant where water is temporarily stored before going into intake chamber. Principal of hydro power plant the objective of a hydropower scheme is to convert the potential energy of a mass of water, flowing in a stream with a certain fall to the turbine termed the head, into electrical energy at the lower end of the scheme, where the powerhouse is located. In order to choose the appropriate generator for a specific application.